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2012年8月18日 星期六

【行为篇】猫攻击人的行为分析(简体)

【貓貓知識匯總】 >> 【貓之行為篇】 >> 【貓貓之行為特徵】

看激怒的猫是件令人畏缩的事情。即使你从来没有真正近距离地看到,我想也应该从一些可怕的电影中看到过。一只坏脾气的猫张开它的大嘴,露出锋利的牙齿,耳朵向后倒,眼睛瞪着,瞳孔放大。即使咆哮声和嘘声也不太令人愉快。


了解猫不同攻击行为的原因,学习并辨认警告信号也许可以说明你应付被猫攻击的突发事件。 

有时,它们的攻击好像毫无征兆,但是,通常在攻击前会有大量的警告信息。知道这些信号并学习认识它们能防止一些被咬和抓带来的疼痛。 
猫的一些攻击(或者潜在性地攻击)的身体信息主要表现如下:
睁大眼睛。
瞳孔放大(如果感到受到威胁)或瞳孔极度缩小(当猫试图反击的时候)。
耳朵放平。
尾巴笔直或者鞭打,尾毛直立。
由不安的喵喵叫变成咆哮或是嚣叫。
发出嘶嘶声,有时甚至是发出吐痰的声音。

行为主义者把猫对人的攻击根据攻击的原因加以分类。这使我们对猫的行为的潜在原因能有更深入的了解,从而可以使找到好的解决办法成为可能。下面是猫表现出来的六种攻击行为。 

1、恐惧诱发攻击
当猫感到害怕的时候,它们的反击或逃跑的反应机制被启动。大部分的猫倾向于从危险(真正的和想象中的)中逃跑,但是,如果它们被逼入死角,或者由于其他原因无处可逃,它们将选择攻击。在无路可逃的情况下,即使是害羞或者胆小的猫也会选择攻击。

2、因恐惧而诱发的攻击
如果我们了解恐惧的原因,那对于我们来说非常容易识别。有时,原因并不明显。胆小的猫也许害怕各种它想象的威胁,比如突然的声音或者运动。另外, 你的猫以前可能经历了某些事情,导致它受到伤害,使得它尤其害怕某些我们并不是特别注意的东西或者现象。另外,因恐惧诱发的攻击也是猫对惩罚的自然的反应,尤其是身体的惩罚。猫不会从任何一种对狗和小孩使用的惩罚和谴责手段中学到任何东西,它们不会改正它们的错误,只会更害怕你和更加暴力。

3、转嫁攻击
不管最初的动机是什么,猫如果不能通过报复抵抗攻击源,它们将会把这种情绪转嫁到最近的人或其他动物(家狗、其它的猫等)身上。你的猫也许端坐在窗前,突然,它发现了一只狗、浣熊或另一个猫,猫开始表现得激动起来,但是由于被限制在室内,使它不能对感知到的危险作出任何有意义的反应。在这一瞬间,当猫把精力都集中到外面的威胁时,你碰巧经过,爱抚它的头。这就不能怪猫突然哈你或是袭击你了。所有压抑已久的攻击情绪都释放在你认为毫无原因的攻击上。

4、疼痛导致攻击
对人类来说,这也许是最容易理解的攻击类型。可怜的小猫沉浸在痛苦中,所以,很自然,它会感到烦躁,并且试图攻击身边的所有人。大家可能有同感,当小猫经受兽医的比较痛苦的程序时,有时会表现这种情况。毕竟,它不明白这是为它好,只是本能的保护自己不受伤害而进行自卫。有时,要查明导致猫攻击的痛苦的原因是非常困难的。当你把你的猫抱起来的时候或者帮它们梳妆打扮的时候可能会不小心伤到它们。猫的皮肤非常敏感,在可能我们并没有意识到的时候,已经给它们造成了痛苦。

5、爱抚导致的攻击
这种攻击是猫主人最熟悉的一种情况。你的猫安祥地趴在你的身边,祈求你的爱抚,你开始温柔的抚摩它。刚开始的时候,猫发出满意的咕噜声,但是就在几分钟内,咕噜声开始慢慢地停顿下来,它的尾巴开始抽动起来,突然你的猫回身抓住你的胳膊就是一口,留下一个齿印和爪印。这是很常见的一种猫的行为模式,但是,很难解释为什么一些猫比其他猫对爱抚更敏感。不管怎么说,看上去像是一些猫对太长时间的爱抚感到威胁,并且变得过度激动。但对每只猫来说多长时间算太长也没有确切地说法。如果你经常和这样敏感的猫科动物一起生活,你将很快知道这个时间的确切长度。

6、疾病诱发的攻击 
猫变得富有攻击性也可能源于医学问题。猫的脑膜瘤(覆盖全脑的膜上的肿块),脑血栓综合症(脑里的血管缩小,阻碍供血),狂犬病和弓形体病可能都和攻击性行为有关联。因此,对于任何无缘无故暴力的突然开始和逐渐增加,你应该首先向兽医咨询是否为医学原因。你最了解你的猫,所以你应该注意它行为的任何变化,并把它作为猫的生活规律和健康估价的一部分。这些病中,狂犬病是最为危险的,因为这种病有传染给人的危险,并且通常是致命的。如果你怀疑猫有暴力倾向(不管猫是你的还是别人的)也许与狂犬病有关,你必须立即和你的医生或者兽医联络。

注:可能很多猫主人受到的抓咬并不是由于这些原因,但是大多数都是发生在玩耍的时候,当它们抓咬你的时候有时意味着它们在讨好你,就象它们在交配或者互相玩耍时的爱的小咬一样。它感觉是一样的,但是,这和真正的攻击是不同的,这种现象我们将在其他的文章中讨论。

当你的猫用它的爪子和牙齿抓住你,对你进行攻击时,你是怎么做的?拼命反抗试图挣脱,那只会使你真的被抓伤或咬伤。相反,如果你一直保持平静,并且,没有动,没有试图把猫的嘴撬开,也没有打它和对它吼叫。(切忌不要大声喧哗!)而是用你的另一只手,温和柔软地抚摸它的爪子的前端,然后是它的爪尖,直到它松开,整个过程都轻柔地和它说话,平静地对待它。然后不急于快速地抽回双手起身离开它,而是继续爱抚它,只是把你的手尽量离开它的牙和爪子。让猫原地坐下,并且当它平静的时候,小心地让它舒缓下来。那么等你的猫完全平静下来后,你就可以安全地离开它了。 

遇到攻击性的猫应该如何处理?
1、阉割你的猫
如果具有攻击性的猫是个健全的公猫,你应该尽快把它阉割。尽管未被阉割的公猫因为领土发起的攻击通常是针对其他猫的,但是这种攻击也会经常转嫁攻击到人。另外, 绝育有助于解决公猫离家出走、外出闲逛和在打假中受伤的问题,另外还能控制越来越严重的猫口膨胀问题。
2、减少压力
压力也许是对包括攻击主人在内的很多行为问题的根本性原因。当猫处于紧张状态的时候,几乎任何种类的攻击都有可能变的更糟。压力是源于猫所处的环境发生变化,猫对这些变化感到不安而变得紧张,每只猫的反应也不尽相同。
3、不要因为猫的攻击行为的惩罚猫
惩罚猫有可能会给它增添压力,使猫更具攻击性。
4、请教专家
猫的攻击行为有时也是非常严重的问题。如果你感到事情变得无法控制,请马上和兽医联系,请他帮助你咨询家猫行为专家。
5、药物治疗
你的兽医或动物行为专家可能会建议你采用药物治疗法来对付一支攻击的猫,尤其是当这些攻击问题不是因为疾病造成的时候。这是动物行为专家通常采取的对策。

原文网址:

我是一只非常有胆小的猫,尽管没攻击过人,但是如果我害怕的时候,也会处于攻击状态,不过除了爱的小咬,我也没咬过人~


2012年8月17日 星期五

【新聞類】Don Sphynx cat - who looks not dissimilar to ET and a Gremlin


【貓貓資料分類】 >> 【新聞資料類】

With looks like this you would probably want to keep this moody moggy hidden indoors.
But remarkably this Don Sphynx cat - who looks not dissimilar to ET and a Gremlin - has been drawing hundreds of admirers at a cat show.
The scary looking feline - who judging from this photo was having a really bad day - was showcased in Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan in March 2012.

This kitty turned heads with his teeth
in the shape of four fangs and a blood red tongue
(Photo from Daily Mail)


About 100 animals from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan took part in the event, giving owners the chance to show off their weird and wonderful pets.
This cross kitty turned heads with his teeth shaped like four fangs and a blood red tongue.
With black wrinkly skin he also showed off his piercing green and black eyes and ears pricked and alert like horns.



Despite his unfortunate looks a delighted blonde behind him is clearly relishing his five minutes in the spotlight.
Surprisingly they are described as affectionate, playful and sociable as well as highly intelligent.
The Don Sphynx is hairless and is of Russian origin. The breed first emerged in 1987 in the city of Rostov-on-Don in Russia.
Elena Kovaleva, a professor of the State Pedagogical Institute, discovered some young boys playing football with a bag. Inside the bag was a terrified kitten who she took home and adopted but the cat grew up losing her hair and went on to give birth to hairless kittens.

An other cat owner holds up her Sphynx cat during the exhibition
which she has dressed up in a skirt and headpiece
(Photo from Daily Mail)
This Don Sphynx cat looks less scary with a parasol
and what appears to be a wedding dress at the cat show
(Photo from Daily Mail)
Original Website: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2116717/Is-worlds-scariest-cat-Sphynx-monster-looks-like-gremlin-pussycat.html

Is this the world's scariest cat? Sphynx monster looks more like a gremlin than a pussycat!!!

2012年8月16日 星期四

【生活篇】養貓必須小心門窗安全 (1/2)

【貓貓知識匯總】 >> 【貓之生活篇】 >> 【貓貓之家居安全】

養貓人士必須小心家居門窗安全,由於貓貓好奇心強,彈跳能力亦高,往往因為主人的疏忽而發生走失,跳樓意外,爲了保障貓兒生命安全,必須於窗戶安裝合格安全窗網。

如果自置物業,可以考慮找裝璜公司量尺寸來安裝養貓窗網。假如是租住的單位,或許需要考慮節省開支,亦可以於市面購買格子網,一般香港五金店或者十元都可以買到,DIY自己安裝,方法簡便,爲了貓貓生命安全,不容忽視。

窗框空隙 2 吋,如果家中所養是成貓,已經很安全;但如果是小貓,要再自行安裝格子網,待幼貓成長後,再解除格仔網,如下圖:
以防幼貓從空隙偷走
窗框上加上格子網
 另一款式安全窗花

 
 如果不想安裝窗網,可以考慮紗窗。裝上紗窗視覺上感覺通透,
但紗窗款式,要選堅固的不銹鋼網,而不應使用太軟的紗網。
假如所養貓貓愛做蜘蛛俠爬窗,最好還是選擇比較耐用及安全款式。

 紗窗可安裝六角鎖匙,提高窗網的安全性,沒有特制鎖匙。窗網不能打開,
確保窗網不會因為強風,貓貓惡搞而被打開。

另一款式
氣窗款式

其他窗網款式 :
由於市面有不同款式窗紗,決定訂制時,必須了解清楚窗紗物料及安裝方法。因為有一些款式對於養貓是不夠安全的,例子如下:
 
 這一款鋁質外框用磁貼自行貼上,
可隨時解除,有掉下來的危險,不太安全。

 此款,軟膠邊外框,自行貼上,恐怕受力會脫落,不太安全。

 
 
 
  此款,拉落款式軟紗窗,外形美觀,但如果紗網受壓會走位就不太安全了。
 
 
 紗網受壓會走位,有發生意外的可能性。

待續。。。。。。

2012年8月15日 星期三

【生活篇】How To Trim Your Cat's Claws - Including Photos

【貓貓知識匯總】 >> 【貓之生活篇】 >> 【貓貓之日常護理】

Learning to trim your cat's claws will help prevent  your furniture from being damaged & save you money by avoiding having to take your cat to a vet or pet groomer when it needs it's claws trimmed.
It is recommended you get a cat used to having it's feet handled from an early age. This can be done by gently massaging your cat's feet. Some of my cats are less than thrilled at having their claws trimmed, in such a case I recommend you only trim a couple of claws per session, or do as I sometimes do & gently trim then when the cat is napping. If you have a particularly reluctant cat, there is a product called Felifriend you could try. This is a synthetic pheromone you spray on your hands, it may assist in  calming your cat down.


  • Hold the cat's paw in your hand with your fingers on the underside & your thumb on the top.
  • Gently apply a forward pressure to one toe. This causes the claw to come out of the sheath, which makes it more visible.



Cat Claw 1 
Notice how in the middle of the claw is pink, this is the quick & it contains blood & nerves. This must NOT be cut as it will cause pain & bleeding. If you do accidentally cut this, apply a styptic pencil Silver Nitrate sticks or Potassium of Permaganate to the claw to stop the bleeding. If you don't have these products, ordinary household flour will do.  The claw should stop bleeding in about 5 minutes.



Cat Claw - Showing Quick
There are several kinds of nail clippers you can use. I use regular nail clippers for humans, but you can also purchase clippers specifically for cat's claws, these should be available from your vet or pet supply shop. Nail clippers should be very sharp as blunt ones will crush the nail, not cut it.



Clipping cat's claw
Aim to trim between the tip of the claw & the quick.



Cat's claw trimmed
Some people trim their cat's back claws, I don't, this is because my cat's tend to wear their back claws down naturally.   

Original Website: http://www.cat-world.com.au/how-to-trim-your-cats-claws

: My mom trims our claws approximately every 3-4 weeks.


2012年8月14日 星期二

【简体类】如何教猫上厕所?


【貓貓資料分類】 >> 【簡體資料類】 

看到猫咪可爱的模样总是忍不住想摸摸牠、抱抱牠吗?养猫时,除了要了解猫咪特有的习性外,最重要的还是要学习如何和猫咪一起生活,并且将猫咪当作是自己的家庭成员喔。像是猫咪也和人类一样,需要过着规律的生活,而且对猫咪来说,家人就像是自己的母亲喔!
如何教猫上厕所 

猫随地便溺时:


如果猫不停地随地便溺,就把牠带到便溺处,轻轻磨擦牠的鼻子,告诉牠「不行」。把擦掉便溺的卫生纸放在便盆里,也会有效果。
猫随地便溺过的地方要彻底清洁,避免留下气味。猫的嗅觉比人类强几百倍,闻得出来自己曾在哪里便溺。沾过猫尿的衣物都要送洗,才能彻底除臭。至于地板,可以使用除臭剂,也有人用醋来消臭。 

突然随地便溺时:
如果之前乖乖上厕所的猫突然开始随地便溺,可能是猫的身心出现问题。生理方面最常见的因素是便秘、尿道炎或膀胱炎等,心理方面则是环境改变造成压力。
一旦猫突然开始随地便溺,就要送去医院检查。如果没有发现异常,就要想一想猫随地便溺的前后是否有什么环境变化。突然更换便盆或猫砂也有可能会使猫突然开始随地便溺‧

原文网址http://veterinaryclinic.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=3024301

:我自小就训练有素,绝对没有随地便溺的状况唷~

2012年8月13日 星期一

【英文類】Father pockets £60k a year after inventing iPad app from cat purring (News)


【貓貓資料分類】 >> 【英文資料類】

Sleepless nights are the bane of every new parent’s life.
But one weary father has not only helped stop them – he’s making £60,000 a year in the process.
Matthew Nifield, 33, invented a phone app to send his twin daughters to sleep after he found certain sounds made them nod off.

The computer whizz created the White Noise Ambience app for iPads and iPhones and it is has been downloaded by exhausted parents all over the world. It has proved so popular he's now making £60,000 a year.
The 33-year-old was having sleepless nights because one-year-old daughters Madeleine and Gwyneth would rarely fall asleep together.
But he noticed that some relaxing sounds would start them yawning and they would soon doze off.

(Photo from Daily Mail)
(Photo from Daily Mail)

Matthew started recording the gentle sounds of waves crashing, rain falling onto a car roof and even a cat purring.
And whenever the twins were wide awake he would play one of the sounds to send them off.
Matthew said: 'I looked on the iPhone app store for something to help them doze off but couldn’t find anything. So I created my own app called White Noise Ambience.


(Photo from Daily Mail)

'It worked for my girls and now the app is available online - lots of tired parents are downloading it.'
Matthew, of Cardiff, South Wales, recorded 150 different sounds and tried them out on his little girls, who were just six months old at the time.
He said: 'The girls’ favourite is waves crashing, there is something very peaceful about that.
'But personally I like rain on a car - I normally drop off myself within about 10 minutes of that.'
Other sounds on the app are, a steam train, frogs croaking in a rainforest, and even the sounds of a sprinkler, tumble drier and lawnmower.
The app is so popular in America that Matthew is now living in California where he is designing other internet products.
He said: 'It is earning me around £5,000-a-month.
'There’s quite a considerable living to be earned from apps, especially one that involves a necessity like sleep!'

Original Website: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2083166/Weary-father-invents-iPad-app-twin-babies-sleep.html

Father Matthew should donate some of his earnings to Cat Cares Center, which will help a lot of homeless cats~ 

2012年8月12日 星期日

【饮食篇】猫食物之种类 (简体)

【貓貓知識匯總】 >> 【貓之飲食篇】 >> 【一般飲食之知識】

(图 / 取自NowNews)

  罐装
许多猫对食物的口味很挑剔。湿润型猫食一打开罐盖,就散发出一股新鲜的香气,常使猫胃口大开。只给牠吃同一类的食品,会导致营养失调;当猫对常吃的食品感到厌倦或缺乏食欲时,湿润型猫食即为最佳的食物来源。
这类的猫食以鱼、肉为主要原料,加上氨基乙磺酸、维他命E等养分,含有75%的水分,十分容易消化吸收。因其采罐装,保存期限可长达 l 年。

 柔湿型
介于湿润型和干燥型之间的柔湿型猫食,含有30一35%的水分,柔软易食,营养成分均衡,最适合当作无牙的老猫或小猫之断奶食品。当猫厌倦干燥型猫食时,可提供柔湿型调剂。不过,这种猫食因含有水分,有较不耐放的缺点。
再者,这种猫食添加了丙稀甘油醋防腐剂,对泌尿器官有问题的猫会产生不良的影响:所以,应视猫的情况而异。

 干燥型
几乎所有的兽医或育种者,皆公认这是最理想的猫食;就其养层面来看,即使花许多时间亲手调制的猫食,也比不上。这种猫餐具有易于消化吸收、硬度适中,可刺激牙龈、预防牙结石的优点。而且,价格便宜、保存期限长也是一大优点。不遇,它几乎不含任何水分,喂食时一定要附上充足的水源。

 点心
即使是猫,若在正常用餐时间外加上点心时间,可调整牠的心情。猫专用的饼干或点心具有浓浓的香味,是猫很喜欢的食品。但是,若任牠予取予求,则和人一样,会养成正餐不吃的坏习惯。所以,最好把点心用来当作小猫的训练奖品、妊娠期、生产后或没有食欲之老猫的营养补给品。巧克力等人类常吃的甜食,对猫来说含有太多糖分,并不适合; 而且一吃太多,会造成蛀牙或偏食的后果。


我妈咪一直都给我吃干燥型的猫食,有时候过节或生日才会吃到鸡肉,从小就没吃点心的习惯,我们的选择很少呢~

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